Editor in chief is Linda Hohnholz
5.1) Discuss Issues, Trends, Future, outlook of tourism industry and their implications
My Article about Issue Facing In the Travel and Tourism Industry.
Introduction:
Tourism is a major economic and social significant that has been recognized in both developed
and developing countries. Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside
their normal places of work and residence. The activities undertaken during their stay in these
destinations by facilities are meant to cater the needs of the consumer. The act of traveling for
pleasure is a luxury. Until recently only a restricted few had the time and money to travel.
Increasing leisure, higher incomes and greatly enhanced mobility have combined to enable more
people to partake in travel.But Also Got More Issues happening in Tourism Industry.
Issue 1.
View the world carefully.
The political world will continue to be unstable and when instability hits people are less likely to
spend money on luxury items such as travel. Political instability is now a major concern in
Africa and Latin America, with the Middle East, Europe, and North America open to terrorism
attacks and Latin America still suffering from high levels of crime and drug trafficking.
Furthermore, no one knows how Europe’s refugee crisis will play out and what the consequences
of increased crime will be on European tourism. Brazil, along with much of Latin America, is
suffering from both issues of crime and issues of health and sanitation.
Issue 2.)
Be aware of the lack of trained personnel.
Because many tourism areas have grown rapidly there are too many locations where there is a
dearth of skilled labor. Tourism needs people who are both inspired and well trained. Yet, too
few people in the tourism industry speak multiple languages, are proficient in high tech computer
skills or have a good knowledge of statistics and how to utilize them. This lack of education and
training creates not only numerous financial losses but also creates lost opportunities and the
inability to adapt to new challenges.
Issue 3.) Low Salaries, recruitment and retention.
Many on line and front line workers receive low salaries, have low levels of job loyalty, and
change jobs with high level of rapidity. This high turnover level makes training difficult and
often each time a person leaves, the information is lost. To make matters even more challenging
these are often the person with whom visitors come in contact. The formula tends to guarantee
low job satisfaction and low levels of customer satisfaction. This situation has resulted in the
lack of availability of skilled manpower by the travel and tourism industry, one of the largest if
not the largest employment generators in the world. If tourism is to be a sustainable product, then
it needs to turn part-time jobs into careers without pricing itself out of the market. If the travel
and tourism industry hopes to continue to grow it will need trained personnel, and a willing and
enthusiastic workforce at every level from the managerial, to skilled workers to the semi-skilled
worker.
Issue 4.)
The need to develop or update tourism infrastructure.
Around the world tourism suffers from poor infrastructure. These infrastructure challenges range
from substandard docks and ports of entry to modes of transport to urban infrastructure such as
access roads, electricity, water supply, sewerage and telecommunication. As airplanes begin to
carry more people airports will face not only the problems of handling large numbers of arriving
passengers but also will need to find ways to unload luggage faster, and transit people through
immigration and customs lines. The lack of infrastructure will also impact issues of security as
governments attempt to ferret out potential terrorists while creating a warm and welcoming
arrival experience.
Issue 5.)
Nothing works if visitors are afraid and not secure.
The spread of terrorist groups throughout the world, and what seems to be the “pandemic du
jour” are major threats to tourism. Tourism must learn to create not merely security and safety
but “surety” – the interaction between the two. That means that locations without TOPPs
(tourism policing) programs will suffer and eventually decline. Private security and public
security will need to learn to interact and work well not only with each other but with the media
and marketers. The old and outdated adage that security scares visitors is more and more being
Tuesday 8 October 2019
Thursday 3 October 2019
Reflective Journal
5.4: Discuss issues related to sustainable development in tourism and hospitality industry
Over the past several decades, hoteliers have turned their focus to the importance of sustainability in the hospitality industry as it relates to hotel development and operations, including the environmental, economic and social impact. Sustainability is one of the most important issues currently facing our world. The hospitality sector has historically had a dramatic environmental impact through energy and water consumption, use of consumable and durable goods, and solid and hazardous waste creation. Hotels consume energy for HVAC operations, lighting, fuel and other power needs. Water is used for bathrooms, F&B, and laundry, as well as other general operations (irrigation, cleaning and maintenance). Waste is generated by the disposal of paper, batteries, bulbs, furniture, equipment, appliances and more.
Economically, myths include the ideas that green operation is more expensive and that guests are not interested in sustainability. In fact, according to Cornell University’s Center for Hospitality Research, the reverse is true for both. Recent advances in technology related to renewable sources of energy (solar, geothermal, wind, etc.) have improved the economics of using these kinds of alternative energies at the property level. On the social front, there has been a remarkable shift in recent times, as demonstrated by corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs, as well as the green buildings for new development projects. Cornell also offers educational programs to inform and drive discussion and critical thinking around significant industry issues like the global challenges of sustainability.
Sustainable tourism focuses on human activity while preserving natural ecosystems and its maintenance for future generations without compromising tourist satisfaction. Many locations greatly rely on the tourism industry and its viability. It is understood that creating a positive experience for the visitors may have a heavy economic impact. The emphasis is placed on providing an enjoyable experience for the visitors as long as they leave local customs and natural resources unblemished. Tourists are expected to accept the local way of life and respect the area’s cultures. The ultimate goal is to promote understanding and tolerance between different civilizations from around the world.
The objective of the water vision is to move from where we are today to where we need to be to meet future water need and ensure the sustainable use of water. This exercise involves a process of study, consultation and promotion which will develop knowledge on what is happening in the national water sector and on trends and developments outside the water sector that may affect future water use. Based on this knowledge produce a consensus on a vision for water for the year 2025 to be shared by water sector specialists and decision makers in the government, the private sector and civil society.
The set of initiatives that need to take place in order to achieve the key objectives of the vision is evaluated based on the four challenges towards a better water future which are managing our water resources efficiently and effectively, moving towards integrated river basin management, translating awareness into political will and capacity and moving towards adequate, safe and affordable water services as will be fit develop nation status by 2020.
The action for a better water future are also determined based on milestone and targets that they have to do with institutional and legal aspects, participatory approach in the decision making process, development of innovative technologies, efficient use of water resources, extensive research and development, shift from water supply to water demand management, integrated water resources management, promotion of water awareness and water education.
HVAC operation may harm our earth because solar radiation reaches the earth atmosphere and some of this is reflected back into space. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the earth surface. When the sun energy reaches the earth atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and some artificial chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
The absorbed energy warms the atmosphere and the surface of the earth. This process maintain the earth temperature at around 33 degrees celsius warmer than it would otherwise be allowing life on earth to exist. The rest of the sun energy is absorbed by the land and the oceans, heating the earth. Heat radiates from earth towards space. Some of this heat is trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, keeping the earth warm enough to sustain life.
Human activities such as burning fossil fuels, agriculture and land clearing increasing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. This is trapping extra heat and causing the earth temperature to rise.
MUHAMMAD QAYYUM BIN JAMAL AND NASIR
17DUP19F1035
REFLECTIVE JOURNAL
Technology plays a vital role in tourism and hospitality. It has the capacity to increase the efficiency of business operations and also improve the customer experience. Technology are very important in today’s tourism industry. We must follow the trends because nowadays people always use technology to do everything such as online shopping, chatting and dealing. Technology have positive and negative too if we use it for the important things.
There are a lot of positive technology that we can know in travel industry. One of the positive is Internet of Thing, which involves internet-based inter-connectivity between everyday devices, allowing to both send and receive data. With that way, tourism industry is going to be increase year by year .For example, IoT technology can be used in hotel rooms to provide customers with a device that connects to everything from lights, to the heaters and air conditioning ,allowing all to be controlled in one place.
Next, robotic, idea of robot being deployed regularly within the tourism and hospitality industry would have seemed like the work of a science fiction writer. Yet, it is becoming increasingly prevalent, with artificially intelligent robots, often equipped with speech recognition technology, being use in place of information points by chains like Hilton. Robots are utilized for a variety of other reasons like in airport, they can be used to detect concealed weapons, while some manufacturers are also using robotics to create luggage cases thet intelligently follow you.
Then, technology have a big data is very important in tourism management. One of the biggest uses of for this data is to improve personalization, with travel companies using the information they gather to make specific adjustment to their offerings. Another valuable use for data is to analized current business performance. In particular, hotel owners can use big data for revenue management purposes, using historic occupancy rates and other past trends to better anticipate levels of demand.
The negative of technology is there are almost tourist are old that they do not know about the technology and trends now .It useless if we promote online to attract the elder tourist to come to our hotel but they do not know how to use the technology like youth generation .Tourism industry should make events about their offerings and promoting their hotel or resorts because all of the ages people like to come and join the events than use a technology.
The dermographics identity of tourist the use technology to travel.A female users only (56%) are more than male tourist (44%).This rate follow that found in the survey of WTO (2008) on youth travel underlining increasingly important role of female travellers in youth market.Regarding the age, the age group 16-18 tourist in percentage 19%, the ages from 19-22 in propotion 21%, the group 23-25 years old approximately 26% and the older age group 26-29 reached the highest percentage 34%.
As a conclusion,we must use and apply the technology in our daily life but not too much because it will give us harms.We as a tourist must follow the trends because technology will be updated year by year and increase level by level.In the framework of the extending of social networking , tourism claims its position in internet world through the effort to approach potential travellers in their virtual environment in every ways.
MOHAMMAD DANIAL BIN KHAIRULNIZAM(DUP19F1044)
This special issue presents seven articles, ranging from a culture-based approach for implementing CSR, to the impacts of CSR on brand equity, and investigating the quality-of-life (QOL) implications of CSR in gaming communities. Further, these articles are from countries as varied as Spain, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and the United States, reflecting the broad and global context of CSR issues. Although the articles highlight different topics and contexts of CSR, all of them present specific economic implications of these issues in different contexts, thereby contributing to the recent trend of viewing CSR in a strategic approach.
Despite the progress of the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in recent decades, the knowledge of CSR has been very limited in hospitality and tourism industry in general and in hotel industry in particular. A literature search revealed that scholarly research in the area of CSR in hotel industry began in mid-2000 and it has grown in recent years. However, there has been no review of literature conducted covering CSR issues exclusively in hotel industry. Given the growth of publications in CSR research in hotel industry, it was felt that a content analysis of research would be valuable to scholarship. The present study aims to contribute to this end by presenting a review of articles published in scholarly journals until mid-2017.
The findings suggest that the initial focus of CSR research in hotel industry was in the area of CSR practices (economic, social and environmental), impact and importance of CSR, perceptions of CSR by consumers and managers. Interestingly, with the growth of research in recent years, the focus has shifted more towards CSR communication/reporting, green/environmental responsibility and sustainability area. This paper is perhaps the first content analysis of CSR research in hotel industry—an industry that is often blamed for irresponsible use of environmental resources and hence responsible for environmental un-sustainability. It is envisaged that this paper will stimulate further research into CSR in hotel industry and therefore to contribute to advance the field.
Besides that,several tourist enterprises have taken CSR as a tool to distinguish themselves from others and improve their competitiveness. To promote CSR awareness for sustainable development, their study aims at identifying the influence of CSR on the competitiveness of tourist enterprises in an emerging tourist region—Mekong Delta in Vietnam—with an empirical case of Ben Tre Province based on the concept of Triple Bottom Line. Key contributions of the study are as follows. First, through the expert interviews and group discussions, their study discovered three new CSR elements that influence tourism enterprises’ competitive abilities: “connection between business culture development strategy and the local and native cultures,” “tourism products/services promoting local special features,” and “tourism products/services promoting green environment.” Second, the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches provides objective insights about the CSR components affecting the enterprise competitiveness.
Further, by encompassing several regions of the world, these articles provide a more comprehensive and global picture of CSR practices in the tourism and hospitality industry. With their encouraging outcomes and suggestions, these articles will provide inspiration to many future empirical studies on CSR in the tourism and hospitality industry.
Issue related to sustainable development in tourism and hospitality industry can be explained as one that meets the needs of the present time without interfering on the future generations’ ability of to meet their own needs. This lesson will discuss some of the sustainability and environmental issues of the hospitality industry. It will also discuss how these issues impact the business and environment and close with some solutions to the problems. In terms of travel and hospitality it will attract tourists to places of interest that way. The concept of needs, in specific regard to the fundamental needs of the poor; and the notion of the implications that social organization and technology pose on the environment’s ability to meet current and future needs.
In hospitality, sustainability is often discussed in terms of ensuring that the local environment can endure the pressure induced by the company's operations. In some cases, it might also refer to the organization's ability to endure the rising costs associated with not changing to environmentally friendly operating procedures. In this way and the best enviroment it will attract the tourists who come to the place.
Despite the progress of the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in recent decades, the knowledge of CSR has been very limited in hospitality and tourism industry in general and in hotel industry in particular. A literature search revealed that scholarly research in the area of CSR in hotel industry began in mid-2000 and it has grown in recent years. However, there has been no review of literature conducted covering CSR issues exclusively in hotel industry. Given the growth of publications in CSR research in hotel industry, it was felt that a content analysis of research would be valuable to scholarship. The present study aims to contribute to this end by presenting a review of articles published in scholarly journals until mid-2017.
The findings suggest that the initial focus of CSR research in hotel industry was in the area of CSR practices (economic, social and environmental), impact and importance of CSR, perceptions of CSR by consumers and managers. Interestingly, with the growth of research in recent years, the focus has shifted more towards CSR communication/reporting, green/environmental responsibility and sustainability area. This paper is perhaps the first content analysis of CSR research in hotel industry—an industry that is often blamed for irresponsible use of environmental resources and hence responsible for environmental un-sustainability. It is envisaged that this paper will stimulate further research into CSR in hotel industry and therefore to contribute to advance the field.
Besides that,several tourist enterprises have taken CSR as a tool to distinguish themselves from others and improve their competitiveness. To promote CSR awareness for sustainable development, their study aims at identifying the influence of CSR on the competitiveness of tourist enterprises in an emerging tourist region—Mekong Delta in Vietnam—with an empirical case of Ben Tre Province based on the concept of Triple Bottom Line. Key contributions of the study are as follows. First, through the expert interviews and group discussions, their study discovered three new CSR elements that influence tourism enterprises’ competitive abilities: “connection between business culture development strategy and the local and native cultures,” “tourism products/services promoting local special features,” and “tourism products/services promoting green environment.” Second, the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches provides objective insights about the CSR components affecting the enterprise competitiveness.
Further, by encompassing several regions of the world, these articles provide a more comprehensive and global picture of CSR practices in the tourism and hospitality industry. With their encouraging outcomes and suggestions, these articles will provide inspiration to many future empirical studies on CSR in the tourism and hospitality industry.
Issue related to sustainable development in tourism and hospitality industry can be explained as one that meets the needs of the present time without interfering on the future generations’ ability of to meet their own needs. This lesson will discuss some of the sustainability and environmental issues of the hospitality industry. It will also discuss how these issues impact the business and environment and close with some solutions to the problems. In terms of travel and hospitality it will attract tourists to places of interest that way. The concept of needs, in specific regard to the fundamental needs of the poor; and the notion of the implications that social organization and technology pose on the environment’s ability to meet current and future needs.
In hospitality, sustainability is often discussed in terms of ensuring that the local environment can endure the pressure induced by the company's operations. In some cases, it might also refer to the organization's ability to endure the rising costs associated with not changing to environmentally friendly operating procedures. In this way and the best enviroment it will attract the tourists who come to the place.
Reflective Journal (Farhana Syahirah)
Fundamental of Tourism and Hospitality
Farhana Syahirah binti Saiful Zamre
17DUP19F1001
5.3.3 Discuss the motivation of travelling from Islamic perspective
Muslim tourism is an important sector to be concerned on because it is not only a rapid growing market but also the second largest religion in the in the world. The global revenue in tourism sector is highly contributed by Muslim tourist and this has become an interesting topic to look into. Besides, motivation is the indicator to explain the reasons of people willing to travel. Travel Career Ladder is believed as the appropriate theory to illustrate the determinants that influence their travel motivation but there are lack of studies upon the travel motivation in Muslim context. The purpose of this study is to further investigate travel motivation by using Travel Career Ladder modified into Muslim context.
The travel of Muslim determinants are modified stimulation into perceived risk relationship into bond of silaturahim, self-esteem and development and fulfilment are combined into knowledge widening whereas relaxation remained. Islamic facilities is to ease the Muslim tourist to obey the Shariah rule during vacation. It used to guide Muslim’s behaviour. It could motivate Muslim to travel to affiliate with other Ummah and others who are different culture. Knowledge widening motivates Muslim to travel in order to achieve spiritual achievement by gaining experience and knowledge.
Travel motivation means the attributes that accumulated to determine a place as a travel destination. Travel motivation is an indicator of people’s readiness to travel and it is considered to be immediate antecedent of behaviour. It provide the evidence by describing the reasons or the motive of travel that concern to fulfil the tourist’s desire. Travel motivation occurs differently based on individual, mental, cultural and environmental. They also have different travel motives respectively either for Ummah’s unity, personal satisfaction or physical relaxation.
First of all, they should provides a lot of job opportunities for local people especially for those who are emphasizing the Islamic lifestyle. For example in hospitality, this industry usually hardly hiring workers who are wearing hijab especially in the hotel industry. Similarly, Islamic tourism has triggered the establishment of a Syariah compliance hotel where workers are free to wear hijab to serve their customers. The relationship between hosts and guests is conceived primarily for the blessing of God and other aspects are secondary.
Furthermore, they need to contributes less environmental impacts since this product usually related to the place with controlled activities such as visitation to mosques, pertaining Halal food and high consideration to cleanliness since Islam taught is very particular about it..
The government needs to provide good facilities especially special seats for handicap person, pregnant women and senior citizens to carry out the ablution to ensure the comfortability of Muslim travelers to stay longer.
Besides that, Muslim travelers prefer to have a proper setup bidets or horse reel in the toilet to allow them comfortably clean themselves. During Ramadhan, there are some travelers like to get experience on how to perform fasting in certain places. For example, in Malaysia there are plenty of Bazaar Ramadhan where local people selling various types of food for Iftar and Solat Terawikh during at night. Muslim tourists tend to avoid non-Halal activities including gambling, prostitutions and drinking alcohol. They prefer a safe recreation services and facilities which provide privacy for males and females.
In the conclusion, Islamic tourism is a new trend of tourism product which seen as a new contributor to Malaysia economic especially in the tourism industry. The emergence of Islamic tourism around the world has triggered Malaysia to develop more strategies and plans to provide sufficient products and facilities to Muslim tourists. Malaysia has large opportunities to develop Islamic tourism due to Islam is the official religion of the country.
Furthermore, Islamic tourism can be considered as sustainable tourism because it contributes positive impacts to environmental and social while generating income to local people, whereby mostly local people serve the tourists with Islamic value considerations.
REFLECTIVE JOURNAL ATHIRAH
NURUL ATHIRAH BINTI ROSLAN
17DUP19F1002
17DUP19F1002
5.1.2 Discuss
the implication of issues and trends in the tourism and hospitality industry
IMPLICATIONS OF
ISSUES AND TRENDS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
This article presents findings of issues
and trends that hospitality industry might fact in the year ahead respectively.
Top issues that will influence the global hospitality industry in the year
ahead include sustainable development calls for green hospitality, labor cost,
multicultural issues and higher education. Challenges that facing hospitality
include will include operating issues, marketing issues, technological issues
and economic issues.
INTRODUCTION
The world of tourism has undergone some
significant changes in recent years. It used to be dominated by tourists from
the western countries and visiting largely conventional destinations in Europe,
America and some other places in Asia (such as Malaysia) and the Caribbean
islands. However, since the rapid emergence of China after its opening to the
outside world in 1978, and the increased number of terrorist attacks that
followed after the landmark September 11 2001 incident, the tourism industry is
beginning to experience some noticeable shifts in recent years. These shifts
which are emerging trends are likely to continue in the future, especially if
terrorist attacks remain unchecked. This paper highlight trends and discusses
the issues and implications that will be faced by tourism promotion boards of
nations and companies that rely heavily on the tourist trade.
IMPLICATIONS OF
ISSUES IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
1.1 Sustainable Development Calls for Green
Hospitality
Going
green is a white-hot issue in the hospitality-design industry. People are
beginning to look at sustainable solutions in a whole new way. The perception
of green has changed; it has gone from a fringe movement to mainstream. As a
sign of its sweeping popularity, one of the best attended sessions at the
recent Lodging Conference in Phoenix was: “Going Green: Environmentally
Profitable Hotels.” Some of the pioneers of the green hospitality movement,
there were to share their challenges and triumphs in working toward a carbon
constrained future. The basis of sustainable hospitality operation is a
three-part balance, expressed as “profits, people, and planet.” By taking those
three elements into account, thus, a sustainable green hospitality development
program becomes economically viable, as well as beneficial to the community and
environment.
1.2
Labor Cost Issues
In
2005, labor expenses remained the largest single expense item for hospitality
managers, accounting for 44.6 percent of total operating costs. Consequently,
any trend or issue that could potentially impact labor costs must be taken
seriously by hospitality owners and managers alike. Due to the magnitude of the
expense, labor costs and issues have always consumed a substantial portion of
the time and efforts of hospitality managers. Now, with news of union contact
negotiations, changes to immigration laws, and proposed legislation to increase
the minimum wage, hospitality managers are on edge. The cost of labor is the
biggest expense in all categories of hotels. Even with the advent of
select-service properties, hospitality developers cannot avoid the human
component of hospitality operations. While managing labor expenses is
important, hospitality managers are also aware that employees are an integral
part of the lodging experience. The interaction between hospitality guests and
employees has a dramatic impact on the customer experience and the success of
the business operation. Therefore, a fine balance must be drawn between cost
controls and guest satisfaction.
1.3 Multicultural Issues
The
newest trends and topics surrounding hospitality research and development is
the management of multicultural talent and the political landscape affecting
the hospitality industry. Franchise is becoming the biggest industry in the
world, the success of franchise lie in the understanding of ownership, internal
and external customer- and workforce-related - and top legislative matters,
insights of marketing and promoting. With the development of globalization,
multicultural issues are facing and disturbing the industry operators. Bringing
the far corners of the world together is part and parcel of what the
hospitality sector does. Blending amenities to cater for the needs of the
world’s different cultures is central to success for large, international
hospitality chains. Cultural issues have never before been such a crucial
determinant of how a large hospitality should operate. In some Asian cultures,
for example, eye contact is not sought, as it can make guests feel
uncomfortable, while in Western tradition it is equated with openness and
honesty. This could be important in defining how staff addresses themselves to
certain Asian guests.
1.4
Higher Education
Tremendous
changes are taking place in hospitality industry which poses several challenges
for transformation of the whole educational process including educational
curricula, learning materials, instructional practices and education
stakeholders. Education systems and institutions must take the challenges of
the knowledge economy seriously. This would, however, include restructuring the
learning process to reflect the use of information in the real world, changing
the role of the educator from presenter of pre-packaged facts to facilitator of
active learning and transforming the library specialist to an active
collaborator in curriculum planning for effective use and availability of
information resources. Indeed, educators need to realize that teaching is not
telling, that learning is not absorbing and that knowledge is not static and,
in turn, reflect these to their instruction mechanisms and student appraisal
systems. The new educational providers have risen in order to fill the
undeniable demand for open, flexible, distance and life-long learning and
include for-profit universities; corporate universities (e.g. the Accor University,
the Kellogg University, McDonalds Hamburger University); virtual universities
(such as Universities 21, a collaboration project of Thomson Learning and
Universities 21, Singapore and University in the UK); and multinational
organizations such as Microsoft, whose primary business is not education but
who control facilities central to it.
1.5
Global Uncertainty
While
the global hospitality industry continues to recover following the effects of
the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, SARS, the war on terrorism in
Afghanistan, and the war in Iraq, global uncertainty remains a major concern.
Terror attacks are the most direct example of global uncertainty; however,
there are other areas of concern such as geopolitical relations, CBS E-Journal,
Biz n Bytes, Vol. 6, Dec., 2010 ISSN 0976 – 0458 governmental travel
restrictions and currency exchange rates. The industry needs to take a
proactive approach in addressing these issues and their potential impact.
1.6
Human Resources
Human
resources are an area that is growing in importance. As the industry continues
to recover, it needs to focus on its employees and their roles as service
providers. Increasing demand requires increased staffing levels at a time when
the labour pool is shrinking. To address this issue, the industry must attempt
to work with the unions as allies, devote more time and money to recruitment
and training and educate politicians as to the impact of governmental economic
and immigration policy on the industry.
1.7
Technology
The
hospitality industry must do a better job of managing technology and addressing
the challenges posed by new and changing technology. Specifically, the industry
must align technology investment with business objectives, address aging and
inadequate infrastructure (at both the corporate and the property levels); and
learn to better utilize technology in marketing to guests, training employees,
yield management, and meeting customer requirements.
1.8
Customer Issues
Customer
issues present a challenge to the industry in several ways: Increasing loss of
control over the customer - use of the Internet, homogenization of the hotel
product and increased corporate oversight has reduced the amount of control
that operators have over the customer. CBS E-Journal, Biz n Bytes, Vol. 6,
Dec., 2010 ISSN 0976 – 0458 Changes in the customer - hotel customers are
changing due to demographics (the aging of the baby boomer generation) and due
to lower transportation costs that promote travel. Changes in customer
expectations - these are changing as consumers become more sophisticated and
better educated.
IMPLICATIONS OF
TRENDS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
1.1 Advances in Information Technology
Advances
in information technology over the last 20 years have also brought great transformation
and benefits to the tourism industry. Websites such as Agoda.com, Airbnb.com,
Booking.com, ebookers.com, expedia.com, Hotel.com, Lastminute.com, and
Trivago.com are just some examples of platforms that are easily accessible to
customers around the world. With a mushrooming of countless websites for the
booking of holidays, ranging from air ticketing, cruise holiday bookings, car
hires, hotel accommodation, guided tour packages, and many other offerings, new
challenges have emerge. First, direct marketing by the various tour service
providers are now possible, and the role of agents may diminish over time.
Consumers can now book on-line directly with the respective tour service
providers. Website operators and tourist service providers will have to be on
their toes in order to ensure that their offerings are not only up to speed,
but competitive too.
Second,
in order to counter the increased competition, websites operators and tour
service providers will have to find ways and means to differentiate themselves
in order to make them appealing to the consumers. At the moment, price is
commonly used as the main differentiating factor. Moving forward, these sites
may have to include other differentiators and benefits, such as loyalty
programs and other kinds of attractions in order to attract consumers to their
sites.
Third,
and this is contrary to differentiation, website operators and tour service
providers may have to collaborate or even integrate with other tour-related
operators so as to widen their range of services. In the ultimate, it is to
have a one-stop portal that can cater to all kinds of travel needs, both in
packaged and individually customized formats. In sum, the quest for
differentiation and integration may have to be pursued simultaneously in order
to enhance the competitiveness of the industry players in the tourism business.
Finally, the role of social media cannot be ignored. As consumers travel more,
and to more places, they have become critics in their own rights. No longer do they
have to rely on the recommendations of tour operators or tour advisors like
Trip Advisor. Rather, online recommendations by past visitors can become
increasingly powerful in influencing how potential tourists would make their
decisions.
1.2 Enhanced Transportation
Transport
development and better transport links have been a very noticeable development
in Asia as well as in other developing countries. To begin with, more budget
airlines have been set up in Asia. Air travel is now much better. As these
budget airlines fly to secondary and smaller airports, they help to accelerate
developments in the surrounding areas. In addition, they have made
accessibility to newly develop tourist sites more accessible too.
Second,
integrative and complementary transport modes have improved tremendously. An
excellent example is that of China. The massive development of highways, high
speed rail (HSR) and related railway networks, and airports have greatly
facilitated transportation within China that has spurred the growth of both
inbound and outbound tourism. More importantly, they have become more
integrated as well.
Many
other countries in Asia are also enhancing their transportation development.
For example, Singapore and Malaysia are planning to develop a high speed rail
that connects the island nation to Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia)
within the next 10 years or so. China’s One Belt and One Road initiative will
certainly not only boost trade, but tourism as well.
Finally,
it is important to point out that the emergence of budget airlines, highways,
and high speed rail tend to favor domestic and regional travel more than
international travel. Effectively, they will serve to promote more domestic and
regional tourism. As much of these developments are happening in Asia, it would
not be surprising to find that intra-Asian tourism is likely to grow much
faster than outboard tourism to the rest of the world.
1.3 Rapid Growth in Vacation Ownership
Vacation
ownership is the fastest growing segment of the lodging industry and is likely
to continue growing as the baby boomers enter their fifties and sixties in the
USA. The World Tourism Organization has called timeshares one of the fastest
growing sectors of the travel and tourism industry. Hospitality companies are adding
brand power to the concept with corporations like Marriott Vacation Club
International, the Walt Disney Company, Hilton Hotels, Hyatt Hotels, Promus’
Embassy Suites, Inter-Continental and ever Four Seasons participating in an
industry that has grown rapidly in recent years. Resort Condominiums
International (RCI), the largest vacation ownership exchange (that allows
members to exchange vacations with other locations), has more than 2.8 million
member families living in 200 countries. Three thousand seven-hundred
participating resorts and members can exchange vacation intervals for vacations
at any participating resort. North America remains the global leader with
nearly half of all the participating resorts and more than 2 million owners.
Europe is second with approximately 22 percent of owners worldwide and more
than 1,000 resorts. Timeshare resorts are found around the globe in popular
vacation areas near beaches, rivers, lakes, and mountains, and even in major
cities.
1.4 Integration & Globalization
Vertical
integration is a trend that began a few years ago. Lodging companies realized
that guests’ accommodation needs were not just at one level; rather, they
seemed to vary by price and facilities/amenities. Almost all major lodging
companies now have properties in each segment of the market. The future of the
lodging industry involves globalization. Companies cannot grow unless they
venture beyond the United States. American hospitality chains and their
management techniques were in demand by many developing countries who wanted
premium-name hotel. An extensive survey of the condition of the hospitality
would have shown that substantial amounts of money would be necessary to
maintain the hospitality’s condition. The hospitality industry is thus at the very
core of the globalization of international business. Hospitality companies
therefore need to consider the implications of the global context in which they
operate and must be prepared to address the questions that arise from this
changing environment. Globalization will ultimately touch virtually all aspects
of the hospitality industry. Increasingly, customers, management processes,
employees, products, and sources of capital will be competed for and will move
across national boundaries. Competition in the future will come from global
entities with the advantages that globalization brings.
1.5 New Management
The
complex forces of capacity control, safety and security, capital movement, and
technology issues WANG Jin-zhao & WANG Jing/Management Science and
Engineering Vol.3 No.4 2009 53-58 58 will require a future management cadre
that is able to adapt to rapid-paced change across all the traditional
functions of management. The growing complexity of the customer/employee
interaction, driven by technology and the information age, will shape human
resources needs in the future. The customer, armed with more information, will
expect frontline and other hospitality staff to be at least as knowledgeable
about the firm’s offerings as they are themselves. This will be difficult in an
industry characterized by low-skilled, low-paid personnel and a high degree of
cultural and behavioral diversity among its employees.
CONCLUSION
If government takes significant steps in
this direction like improve accessibility, promotional measures, low taxes, and
others, then the conditions will significantly improve and this will lead to
the increase in number of tourists which in turn increase the number of hotels
and also improve the quality of services provided by the hotels.
Reflective journal
Current Trends and
Future Outlook for Global Tourism and Hospitality
5.2
Discuss the significance of Muslim travellers in international and domestic
tourism
Not all the travel agency just need
non-Muslim traveller, we must attack all the kind of tourist to become our
customer. The significance of Muslim travellers in international and domestic
tourism is they can make our company economy increase. At other country they also
have restaurant that sell halal food for Muslim traveller. Besides, some of the
non-Muslim traveller to like to eat something different and some of them likes
to eat Muslim food or a food form other country that they rarely find in their
country.
We as the tour guide form the
different country, for example form China if they have Muslim traveller or
tourist we must know what they really need. Like they well asked where to get
halal food so we must prepared the knowledge about the place in our country
that have halal food. It makes the halal food sales increase and make the every
Muslim traveller who want to visit the country know about the place. But there
have some country that pretend to be a halal restaurant and its makes the
others Muslim traveller feel unlike or dislike to came to that country because
they feeling cheated.
Next, we as the citizen for our
country may travel all over the attraction place before go travel out from our
country. We also can make the tourist or traveller from other country feel love
to come to our country and try all the new things that does not have at their
country. Malaysia has many different culture and they all have something
special about their own nation. For example, Malays have their traditional
clothes like Baju Kurung and Baju Melayu. We always see them wear it when it's their
have invitation to an event.
We as a Malaysian or form other country
will like to taste a food form their own country right? For example is sushi. We
can taste the sushi at Japan or Korea. So that’s why we flocking to the country
just for taste how the food if at their own country. But if we are a Muslim
traveller we must be careful while choose the restaurant that we want to visit either
they are halal or non-halal for Muslim.
If we see the other country that
has the different culture we must like to try it to right? We are fascinated by
their culture, festival and traditional clothes. For example, Korean traditional
clothes are so beautiful and make we want to try it. The traditional clothes
called ‘ hanbok ‘ and they will wear it while happy new year event or after marriage
to meet their father and mother-in-law.
The one who have been traveling to some
country will spread it to other about the country that they have visit. If they
give the good comment about the country it will make the listener want to visit
the country too. So we as the travel agency must give the good service to them
who trust us to guide them when they travel to the country. The best service
that we can give to them, the more will come to choose our agency to be their
tour guide.
For my suggestion, every type of
tourist and traveller are important because they can make our economy increase
and make our travel agency more popular. Without them we can’t reach our
target. The word of mouth will determine if our services are good or not.
Reflective Journal of WAN
Based on Article. Just Click it.
5.2. Discuss the significance of Muslim travelers in international and domestic tourism.
Nowadays, Muslim travelers is as major contributor to the tourism industry. It is due to its large number of population in the world. Muslim travelers is Muslims for whom compliance with religious observances when away from home is an important consideration. Muslim travelers has huge impact in international and domestic tourism. There are a few importance of Muslim travelers in tourism and hospitality industry.
International Tourism.
The contribution of Muslim traveler in tourism industry provide plenty of jobs opportunities. It is because Muslim’s acts are limited and subject to the teachings of their beliefs. Its means, there so many prohibitions in Muslim’s lifestyle. Because of that, there were a lot of the international accommodations such as hotel that serve halal food. So they were hire a specialist in halal food.
The economy in the country where the Muslim traveler comes will significantly increase. The presence of these tourists is due to the facilities available especially to Muslim travelers such as praying room and etc. A Muslim’s friendly tourism also is a reason that attract the Muslim travelers. This is because easy to find halal food.
This Muslim traveler will affects the awareness of being more professional in welcoming and entertaining guests regardless of their religious background.
Domestic Tourism
- Impacts on Economic
There are increasing number of travel agencies starting to develop Muslim packages in Malaysia and even outside Malaysia. This will help to generate more income to Malaysia especially through tourist from the Middle East who well known with high spending power. Islamic tourism product can be as the medium to attract more tourists and becoming a powerful weapon to meet the attraction of visitors religious fulfillment. Islamic tourism provides a lot of job opportunities for local people especially for those who are emphasizing the Islamic lifestyle. For example in hospitality, this industry usually hardly hiring workers who are wearing hijab especially in the hotel industry. Similarly, Islamic tourism has triggered the establishment of a Syaria compliance hotel where workers are free to wear hijab to serve their customers. The relationship between hosts and guests is conceived primarily for the blessing of God and other aspects are secondary.
- Impacts on Social
Islamic tourism seems to act as a factor or medium to increase the relationship between Muslim people around the world. Leisure and mass tourism usually related to negative impacts to the local residents especially for social and cultural impact. However, the relationship of tourism and religion can reduce the risk of negative encounters between tourist and the host . This is due to the claims that it provides less negative tourism impact to since it does not involve prohibited activities such as drinking alcohol, illegal spouse according to Syaria, and kissing openly in the public.
- Impacts on Environment
Islamic tourism contributes less environmental impacts since this product usually related to the place with controlled activities such as visitation to mosques, pertaining Halal food and high consideration to cleanliness since Islam taught is very particular about it. Since the activities of Islamic tourism consist the appreciation of God’s creations, less vandalism will happen to the environment due to the belief that environment is also the creatures of God that need to be conserved and protect.
5.2. Discuss the significance of Muslim travelers in international and domestic tourism.
Nowadays, Muslim travelers is as major contributor to the tourism industry. It is due to its large number of population in the world. Muslim travelers is Muslims for whom compliance with religious observances when away from home is an important consideration. Muslim travelers has huge impact in international and domestic tourism. There are a few importance of Muslim travelers in tourism and hospitality industry.
International Tourism.
The contribution of Muslim traveler in tourism industry provide plenty of jobs opportunities. It is because Muslim’s acts are limited and subject to the teachings of their beliefs. Its means, there so many prohibitions in Muslim’s lifestyle. Because of that, there were a lot of the international accommodations such as hotel that serve halal food. So they were hire a specialist in halal food.
The economy in the country where the Muslim traveler comes will significantly increase. The presence of these tourists is due to the facilities available especially to Muslim travelers such as praying room and etc. A Muslim’s friendly tourism also is a reason that attract the Muslim travelers. This is because easy to find halal food.
This Muslim traveler will affects the awareness of being more professional in welcoming and entertaining guests regardless of their religious background.
Domestic Tourism
- Impacts on Economic
There are increasing number of travel agencies starting to develop Muslim packages in Malaysia and even outside Malaysia. This will help to generate more income to Malaysia especially through tourist from the Middle East who well known with high spending power. Islamic tourism product can be as the medium to attract more tourists and becoming a powerful weapon to meet the attraction of visitors religious fulfillment. Islamic tourism provides a lot of job opportunities for local people especially for those who are emphasizing the Islamic lifestyle. For example in hospitality, this industry usually hardly hiring workers who are wearing hijab especially in the hotel industry. Similarly, Islamic tourism has triggered the establishment of a Syaria compliance hotel where workers are free to wear hijab to serve their customers. The relationship between hosts and guests is conceived primarily for the blessing of God and other aspects are secondary.
- Impacts on Social
Islamic tourism seems to act as a factor or medium to increase the relationship between Muslim people around the world. Leisure and mass tourism usually related to negative impacts to the local residents especially for social and cultural impact. However, the relationship of tourism and religion can reduce the risk of negative encounters between tourist and the host . This is due to the claims that it provides less negative tourism impact to since it does not involve prohibited activities such as drinking alcohol, illegal spouse according to Syaria, and kissing openly in the public.
- Impacts on Environment
Islamic tourism contributes less environmental impacts since this product usually related to the place with controlled activities such as visitation to mosques, pertaining Halal food and high consideration to cleanliness since Islam taught is very particular about it. Since the activities of Islamic tourism consist the appreciation of God’s creations, less vandalism will happen to the environment due to the belief that environment is also the creatures of God that need to be conserved and protect.
Reflective Journal
FUNDAMENTAL OF TOURISM
AND HOSPITALITY
DTM 10083
PREPARED BY :
MOHAMAD AIMAN FAHMI BIN NIZAM
17DUP19F1021
PREPARED FOR :
PUAN MAZLINA BINTI JAMALUDIN
Islamic values play a significant role in the travel
decisions of Muslim tourists.
Islamic values are just as important
as the destination, quality and value for money for Muslims when choosing a
holiday destination, according to a new study by the University of Portsmouth.
The research found that when choosing
a halal holiday (one that allows Muslim tourists to go on a holiday while
remaining true to their religion), Muslim's travel destinations are based on a
combination of 'consumption' values (associated with accommodation, airline,
entertainment), 'personal' values (fun, enjoyment, security) and Islamic
religious values, such as Iman (faith).
Islamic values, related to aspects
such as halal food, segregated facilities for men and women, prayer facilities
and avoiding haram, were found to play a significant role for Muslim's in their
expectations of a halal holiday.
The study, published in the latest
issue of the International Journal of Tourism Research,
recommends that tourism and hospitality companies develop products and services
that are Sharia- compliant. With the halal tourism market expected to be worth
more than USD 200 billion by 2020 (Global Muslim Travel Index GMTI, 2016), such
initiatives would enable tourism and hospitality firms to demonstrate their
cultural responsiveness to this emerging sector.
Lead author of the study Dr Padmali
Rodrigo, Research Fellow in Marketing at the University of Portsmouth, said:
"Given the growth in Halal tourism, understanding the values that
influence Muslim consumers travel decisions are important as it would allow
companies to provide a unique and authentic travel experience to Muslims, which
would make them feel safe, secure and welcomed. Therefore, we argue that
consumption values need to be broadened to include religious values such as
Islamic values that stem from Iman."
The data for the study was gathered
via 21 semi-structured interviews conducted among Sri Lankan Muslims (17 male
and 4 female). While the study has limitations, such as interviewees from just
one country and the low number of female respondents, the findings provide new
insights into expectations of Muslim consumers in theunder-represented
halal-tourism market (the share of halal tourism is 12 per cent globally).
Co-author Dr Sarah Turnbull,
Principal Lecturer in Marketing at the University of Portsmouth, said:
"Merely understanding the values associated with basic consumption
expectations are not sufficient tourism and hospitality companies need to pay
attention to other factors such as religious and personal values that come into
play. It is not possible to understand the behaviour of Muslim tourists without
incorporating the Islamic attributes."
5.2 Discuss the significance of Muslim
travellers in international and domestic tourism .
This article tells us about importance of Islamic value is
significance role in travel decisions. Islamic values are just as important as
the destination, quality and value for money for Muslims when choosing a
holiday destination . The research found that when choosing a halal holiday,
Muslim's travel destinations are based on a combination ofconsumption value,
personalvaluesand Islamic religious values, such as Iman (faith).Islamic
values, related to aspects such as halal food, segregated facilities for men
and women, prayer facilities and avoiding haram, were found to play a
significant role for Muslim's in their expectations of a halal holiday.
Muslim Traveler needs
Muslim consumers
travel decisions are also important as it would allow companies to provide a
unique and authentic travel experience to Muslims, which would make them feel
safe, secure and welcomed. Therefore, they argue that consumption values need
to be broadened to include religious values such as Islamic values that stem
from Iman.
In tourism industry , muslim have to prayfive times a
day. However, the beauty of Islam is that it gives you the option to shorten
and combine prayers when traveling. This is the biggest difference we have from
other travellers . When Muslims are travelling there are special
rulings that should be considered. The distance of the journey and the duration
of the stay will play an important factor in deciding if the prayer can be
shortened or combined. While there are scholarly differences in opinion in
regards to this, it is generally agreed that shortening of prayer (Qasr) is
possible while traveling.
One of the most significant elements of Islamic tourism is halal food,
access to which is a concern for Muslim travellers. However, specific consumer
protection legislation is not always present outside the Islamic world and
there is evidence of improper attribution, which is hard to detect.The
accommodation sector is a provider of food and other services essential to the
tourist experience. Greater attention is now being given to the notion of halal
hotels, halal food, a ban on alcohol and gender segregation for certain
amenities. The term "syariah-compliant" is sometimes applied and is
accurate for properties in conservative Muslim countries .
As
Muslims, some consideration to the activities you can do is important. Muslims
can’t spend their nights in clubs drinking and dancing. I know this is the same
with many other people and there are personal preferences, however in Islam it
is not permissible. When Muslims travel we choose places where we can relax and
enjoy ‘other’ fun activities that don’t involve drinking and nightclubs.Movies,
entertainment centers, and recreational activities are top on our lists because
it gives us the opportunity to have fun in a permissible way.
REFLECTIVE JOURNAL
5.4
Discuss issues related to sustainable development in tourism and hospitality
industry
The issue that needs to be discussed in tourism is
that we as people who work and deal with people need to be more mature and
think more about giving more than just what our customers ask for. Customers
often ask for what they want, but we can provide more than what they ask for.
For example, situations where the hotel where we work requires more services
such as room cleaning, food preparation and room cleaning services. Therefore,
we as a generation of vision 2020 need to prepare ourselves for whatever comes
our way, whether easy or difficult. We need to think about the country's
future. The industry is also changing from time to time. The service will also
improve the convenience and needs of our customers as well as ourselves. The
tourism and hospitality departments are in need of talented and not-so-talented
workers. To the students of tourism, I hope you do not give up easily and
thrive on pursuing the learning that exists at their institution. Things that
look like positive or negative need to take their weight off to improve the
situation. As the saying goes, "success ladder" means to continue to
do better without looking back to see the past.
The hospitality industry is starting to take
responsibility for environmental sustainability. A strong focus on energy,
waste, and water usage is directly linked with financial benefits in the
operation of the hoteliers. Practices connected to the social aspect of
sustainability are less developed. The dominant utilitarian paradigm in
managers’ decisions is a strong causal factor in the lack of systematic social
activities. The economic driver seems to be too strong! The suggested research
agenda will enable us to better explain this phenomenon in which companies
include sustainable development in their strategy – as long as the benefits are
visible. In this agenda a broad definition of sustainability is needed and more
attention should be paid to the different stakeholders. Next to this
stakeholder perspective also additional approaches such as change management
are necessary. In line with this multiple-perspective approach both qualitative
and quantitative methods to research the practices in and the motives for a
more sustainable hospitality industry, are needed. Finally to understand
motives and actual behaviour of employee and guest toward sustainable
alternatives, more experiment research designs are needed.
Reflective Journal
5.3.2 Concept of Travel and Tourism from Islamic Perspective
Introduction
The concept of responsible tourism from Islamic perspective.Halal tourism is reshaping the global tourism industry by increasing the number of Muslim tourist from 121 to 156 million in 2016. This data is recorded by the Global Muslim Travel Index (GTMI) which was produced by Master Card and Crescent Rating, a “halal friendly”travel consultancy.In my opinion this is a very positive impact to the tourism industry where by we can gained profits not just from the non Muslim traveller but also from the Muslim traveller because is the norm for the Muslims to not travel as it was a difficulty for them to travel to another country that fits their needs such as halal food and beverages .
In this era, with the burgeoning middle class and increasing disposable income,many countries tend to attract these traveller whether they are Muslim or non Muslim. Malaysia ,Turkey ,the United Arab Emirates and Indonesia are among the famous leading in Muslim’s top destination for traveling.While Singapore,Thailand and United Kingdom are among the top non-Islamic or OIC (Organization of the Islamic Conference) destinations.
Adapting to The Needs of Muslim Travelers
By looking at the potential of this sector, it’s important for the hospitality industry to adapt to change the halal requirement to meet the needs of Muslim tourist.According to Crescent Ratings, hotels and restaurant should offers halal food as well as the availability of prayer facilities, Muslim friendly washroom and Ramadan related offers.Other than that, peer-to-peer technology and platforms are also emerging such as Bookhalalhomes.com has become the world’s leading portal for halal accommodation rentals. It is different from Airbnb where guaranteeing halal-certified services such as halal food and designated prayer room.
Next, is the smartphone apps are also being developed. The tourism Authority of Thailand has launched an app that helps Muslim travelers find halal products and services.It also provides information about prayers times, halal food options and sightseeing tours.Another called HalalTrip, offers information related to more than 65 destination worldwide. The apps also sell suitable tour packages, whether it’s experiencing Great White Sharks in South Africa, culture and history in Spain or shopping in Dubai.These apps will be a big help for the Muslim traveller.
Halal tourism e-commerce is still in its infancy compared to more established western OTAs though. However, its a growing markets that needs to be served.This is because of the Halal tourism is a new concept among the Muslim traveller and still need to be promote through all the platform.
Impact of Innovation Demand
With spending by Muslim travelers on course to reach US＄220 billion by 2020 and Islam being the fastest-growing religion in the world, Muslim tourist are definitely some of the most important customers in the travel market that will be able to increase the income in tourism industry
Pull factors such as family-friendly and Muslim-friendly services are important, as is halal awareness.Where safety concerns and basic halal requirement are met, Muslims tourism will continue to grow
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